Ciencia e ingeniería

Idealized (1/2)^(t / t½) fraction remaining for teaching sketches.

Moles of solute and volume in liters—molarity M.

Stock molarity, stock volume, target molarity—final volume V₂.

Hz and seconds—f = 1/T for periodic signals.

Frequency in Hz—λ = c / f in meters and nm.

0–255 channels—quick luma value.

Mass, specific heat, ΔT—approximate energy in kJ.

Two lat/lon pairs—haversine distance on a sphere.

Force times distance in SI units.

Average watts over an interval.